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瑞士学者艾娜虽然关注到了《好伙伴》所处的英国状况小说传统,却未能点明这一传统跟小说的象征形式之间的内在联系。《好伙伴》中关乎共同体生活的关键性象征应该是"好伙伴歌舞剧团"及其运作的方式(包括演出),而不仅仅是艾娜所说的"音乐厅表演会"。艾娜所说的"音乐厅表演会"虽然也能象征共同体生活,但是"好伙伴歌舞剧团"这一意象不但更能折射共同体生活的广度,如文艺表演范畴之外的生活方式;也更能揭示共同体生活的深度,如共同体精神以及作为共同体根基的工作方式。
Abstract：Although Ina Habermann,a Swiss scholar,has drawn attention to the fact that The Good Companions preserves the tradition of condition of England,she has failed to point out the inner relationship between the tradition and the symbolic forms of the novel. It is"The Good Companions"the troupe,together with the way it operates( including its theatrical performance),rather than"music hall entertainment"as argued by Ina,that is the crucial symbol of community life in The Good Companions. It is true that Ina's "music hall entertainment"symbolizes community life but the image of"The Good Companions"not only reveals the breadth of community life indicating a way of life beyond the category of theatrical performances,but also sheds light on the depth of community life by suggesting the spirit of community and the ways of work in which community is rooted.
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1关于“共同体”,请参考德国学者滕尼斯的经典定义。滕氏在与“社会”相对的意义上,这样界定“共同体”:“共同体意味着真正的、持久的共同生活,而社会不过是一种暂时的、表面的东西。因此,共同体本身必须被理解为一种生机勃勃的有机体,而社会则是一种机械的聚合和人工制品。”——Ferdinand Tnnies,Community and Civil Society,translated by Jose Harris and Margaret Hollis,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,p.19.
1滕尼斯认为“共同体”的构成至少需要“三大支柱”(血缘、地块和心智)中的一个,其中的“心智”(the mind)亦称“友谊”(跟本文中的“伙伴情”同义),其内涵“包括共同的信仰、观念、志趣、情感和见解”。参见Suzanne Graver,George Eliot and Community,Berkeley:University of California Press,1984,p.25.
基本信息:
DOI：10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1337/c.2016.02.001
中图分类号:I561.074
引用信息:
[1]殷企平.《好伙伴》与共同体形塑[J].浙江工商大学学报,2016,No.137(02):5-11.DOI:10.14134/j.cnki.cn33-1337/c.2016.02.001.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“文化观念流变中的英国文学典籍研究”(12&ZD172)
2016-03-15
2016-03-15