浙江工商大学学报

电信网络诈骗案件的处置关键在于追赃挽损，重心应当放在涉案财物的处置上。在电信网络诈骗犯罪中，人员和资金呈现跨境化特征，资金的转移和清洗十分迅速，加之多方复杂主体参与，使得传统刑事诉讼中程序繁复且标准严苛的“人财合一”模式难以因应电信网络诈骗犯罪发展的新趋势。法律亟待通过前端的紧急止付、中端的先行返还以及末端的违法所得没收制度，在电信网络诈骗案件涉案财物的处置上构建全链条的“人财分离”的机制。鉴于“人财分离”机制是刑事诉讼的“非常态”机制，有必要施加严格限制。“人财分离”机制一方面应当契合“以审判为中心”的理念要求，引入检察机关的审批程序和法院的对物之诉裁判；另一方面需要构建覆盖全方位的权利保障体系，为被追诉人、被害人、案外人等主体提供充分的实体和程序救济。

The key to handling telecom network fraud cases lies in the recovery of losses, with the primary focus placed on the disposition of the assets involved. Such crimes are characterized by the cross-border movement of both perpetrators and funds, rapid transfer and laundering of capital, and the involvement of multiple complex actors. These features render the traditional “integration of personal proceedings and asset disposition” model in criminal litigation — noted for its procedural complexity and stringent standards — ineffective in addressing the evolving trends of telecom network fraud. There is thus an urgent need to establish a comprehensive “separation of personal proceedings and asset disposition” mechanism for the handling of assets involved in such cases. This should be achieved through frontend emergency payment suspension, interim advance return, and backend confiscation of illegal proceeds. Given that the “separation” mechanism constitutes an “exceptional” model within criminal procedure, its application must be strictly limited. On the one hand, the mechanism should align with the principle of “trialcentered litigation” by introducing prosecutorial approval procedures and judicial adjudication of actions in rem. On the other hand, it requires the establishment of a comprehensive rights protection system that provides adequate substantive and procedural remedies for the accused, victims, thirdparty claimants, and other relevant parties.